605 lines
19 KiB
Bash
Executable File
605 lines
19 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/bin/bash
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#===============================================================================
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# VPS 快照备份脚本 v2.1
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# 支持: Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Alpine
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# 功能: 创建/恢复快照 + rsync 远程同步 + Telegram 通知 + 自动清理
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#===============================================================================
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set -e
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RED='\033[0;31m'
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GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
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BLUE='\033[0;34m'
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CYAN='\033[0;36m'
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NC='\033[0m'
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CONFIG_FILE="/etc/vps-snapshot.conf"
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LOG_FILE="/var/log/vps-snapshot.log"
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SSH_KEY_PATH="/root/.ssh/vps_snapshot_key"
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print_banner() {
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echo -e "${BLUE}"
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echo "╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗"
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echo "║ VPS 快照备份脚本 v2.1 ║"
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echo "║ 支持 Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/Alpine ║"
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echo "║ 支持密码/SSH密钥认证 ║"
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echo "╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝"
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echo -e "${NC}"
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}
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log() { echo -e "${GREEN}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1${NC}" >&2; echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"; }
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error() { echo -e "${RED}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ERROR: $1${NC}" >&2; echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ERROR: $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"; }
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warn() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] WARN: $1${NC}" >&2; }
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detect_os() {
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if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then . /etc/os-release; echo "$ID"
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elif [ -f /etc/redhat-release ]; then echo "centos"
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else echo "unknown"; fi
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}
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install_dependencies() {
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local os=$(detect_os)
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log "检测到系统: $os"
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log "安装依赖包..."
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case $os in
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ubuntu|debian) apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-client ;;
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centos|rhel|fedora) yum install -y -q rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-clients ;;
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alpine) apk add --no-cache rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-client ;;
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*) error "不支持的系统: $os"; exit 1 ;;
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esac
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log "依赖安装完成"
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}
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# SSH 密钥管理
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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generate_ssh_key() {
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log "生成 SSH 密钥对..."
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if [ -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" ]; then
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warn "密钥已存在: $SSH_KEY_PATH"
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read -p "是否覆盖? [y/N]: " overwrite
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[[ ! "$overwrite" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && return 0
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fi
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -N "" -C "vps-snapshot-${VPS_NAME:-$(hostname)}"
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chmod 600 "$SSH_KEY_PATH"
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log "密钥生成完成"
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}
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copy_ssh_key_to_remote() {
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log "复制公钥到远程服务器 ${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}..."
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sshpass -p "$1" ssh-copy-id -i "${SSH_KEY_PATH}.pub" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}"
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log "公钥复制完成"
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}
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test_ssh_connection() {
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log "测试 SSH 连接..."
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if ssh -i "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o BatchMode=yes -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "echo ok" &>/dev/null; then
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log "SSH 密钥连接成功 ✓"
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return 0
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else
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error "SSH 密钥连接失败"
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return 1
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fi
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}
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ssh_exec() {
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if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then
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ssh -i "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "$1"
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else
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sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "$1"
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fi
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}
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send_telegram() {
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[ -n "$TG_BOT_TOKEN" ] && [ -n "$TG_CHAT_ID" ] && \
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curl -s -X POST "https://api.telegram.org/bot${TG_BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage" \
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-d chat_id="$TG_CHAT_ID" -d text="$1" -d parse_mode="HTML" >/dev/null 2>&1
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}
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 交互式配置
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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interactive_setup() {
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print_banner
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echo -e "${YELLOW}开始交互式配置...${NC}\n"
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# VPS 名称
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read -p "请输入 VPS 名称 (用于区分备份): " VPS_NAME
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VPS_NAME=${VPS_NAME:-$(hostname)}
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# 远程服务器信息
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read -p "请输入远程服务器 IP: " REMOTE_IP
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read -p "请输入 SSH 端口 [22]: " REMOTE_PORT
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REMOTE_PORT=${REMOTE_PORT:-22}
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read -p "请输入 SSH 用户名 [root]: " REMOTE_USER
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REMOTE_USER=${REMOTE_USER:-root}
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# 认证方式
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echo -e "\n${YELLOW}选择认证方式:${NC}"
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echo "1) SSH 密钥 (推荐)"
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echo "2) 密码"
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read -p "请选择 [1]: " AUTH_TYPE
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if [ "${AUTH_TYPE:-1}" = "1" ]; then
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setup_ssh_key_auth
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else
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setup_password_auth
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fi
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}
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setup_ssh_key_auth() {
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AUTH_METHOD="key"
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REMOTE_PASS=""
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echo -e "\n${YELLOW}SSH 密钥认证配置${NC}"
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if [ -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" ]; then
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echo "检测到已有密钥: $SSH_KEY_PATH"
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read -p "使用现有密钥? [Y/n]: " use_existing
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[[ "$use_existing" =~ ^[Nn]$ ]] && generate_ssh_key
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else
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generate_ssh_key
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fi
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echo -e "\n需要将公钥复制到远程服务器"
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read -s -p "请输入远程服务器密码 (仅用于复制公钥): " temp_pass
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echo
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copy_ssh_key_to_remote "$temp_pass"
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if test_ssh_connection; then
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echo -e "${GREEN}密钥认证配置成功！${NC}"
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else
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error "密钥认证失败"; exit 1
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fi
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continue_setup
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}
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setup_password_auth() {
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AUTH_METHOD="password"
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read -s -p "请输入 SSH 密码: " REMOTE_PASS
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echo
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continue_setup
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}
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continue_setup() {
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# 远程目录 - 自动创建以 VPS 名称命名的文件夹
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read -p "请输入远程备份根目录 [/backup]: " REMOTE_BASE
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REMOTE_BASE=${REMOTE_BASE:-/backup}
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REMOTE_DIR="${REMOTE_BASE}/${VPS_NAME}"
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read -p "请输入本地快照目录 [/var/snapshots]: " LOCAL_DIR
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LOCAL_DIR=${LOCAL_DIR:-/var/snapshots}
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read -p "本地保留快照数量 [3]: " LOCAL_KEEP
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LOCAL_KEEP=${LOCAL_KEEP:-3}
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read -p "远程保留天数 [30]: " REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS
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REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS=${REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS:-30}
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# Telegram
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read -p "是否启用 Telegram 通知? [y/N]: " ENABLE_TG
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if [[ "$ENABLE_TG" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
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read -p "请输入 Telegram Bot Token: " TG_BOT_TOKEN
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read -p "请输入 Telegram Chat ID: " TG_CHAT_ID
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fi
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setup_backup_dirs
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}
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setup_backup_dirs() {
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echo -e "\n${YELLOW}选择要备份的内容:${NC}"
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echo "1) 完整系统 (排除临时文件)"
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echo "2) 仅 /etc /home /root /var/www"
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echo "3) 自定义目录"
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read -p "请选择 [1]: " BACKUP_TYPE
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case ${BACKUP_TYPE:-1} in
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2) BACKUP_DIRS="/etc /home /root /var/www" ;;
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3) read -p "请输入目录 (空格分隔): " BACKUP_DIRS ;;
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*) BACKUP_DIRS="/" ;;
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esac
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save_config
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# 创建远程目录
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log "创建远程目录: $REMOTE_DIR"
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ssh_exec "mkdir -p $REMOTE_DIR"
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}
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save_config() {
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log "保存配置到 $CONFIG_FILE"
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cat > "$CONFIG_FILE" << CONF
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VPS_NAME="$VPS_NAME"
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AUTH_METHOD="$AUTH_METHOD"
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SSH_KEY_PATH="$SSH_KEY_PATH"
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REMOTE_IP="$REMOTE_IP"
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REMOTE_PORT="$REMOTE_PORT"
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REMOTE_USER="$REMOTE_USER"
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REMOTE_PASS="$REMOTE_PASS"
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REMOTE_BASE="$REMOTE_BASE"
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REMOTE_DIR="$REMOTE_DIR"
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LOCAL_DIR="$LOCAL_DIR"
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LOCAL_KEEP="$LOCAL_KEEP"
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REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS="$REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS"
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TG_BOT_TOKEN="$TG_BOT_TOKEN"
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TG_CHAT_ID="$TG_CHAT_ID"
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BACKUP_DIRS="$BACKUP_DIRS"
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CONF
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chmod 600 "$CONFIG_FILE"
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log "配置已保存"
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}
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load_config() {
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[ -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ] && source "$CONFIG_FILE" || { error "未配置，请先运行: $0 setup"; return 1; }
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}
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 快照操作
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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create_snapshot() {
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local timestamp=$(date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
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local snapshot_name="${VPS_NAME}_${timestamp}.tar.gz"
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local snapshot_path="${LOCAL_DIR}/${snapshot_name}"
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mkdir -p "$LOCAL_DIR"
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log "开始创建快照: $snapshot_name"
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send_telegram "🔄 <b>开始备份</b>%0AVPS: ${VPS_NAME}"
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local excludes="--exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys --exclude=/dev"
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excludes+=" --exclude=/run --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/mnt"
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excludes+=" --exclude=/media --exclude=/lost+found"
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excludes+=" --exclude=${LOCAL_DIR} --exclude=/var/cache"
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if [ "$BACKUP_DIRS" = "/" ]; then
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tar $excludes -czf "$snapshot_path" / 2>/dev/null || true
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else
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tar -czf "$snapshot_path" $BACKUP_DIRS 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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log "快照完成: $snapshot_path ($(du -h "$snapshot_path" | cut -f1))"
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echo "$snapshot_path"
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}
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sync_to_remote() {
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local snapshot_path="$1"
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log "同步到远程: $REMOTE_DIR"
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if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then
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rsync -avz --progress -e "ssh -i $SSH_KEY_PATH -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
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"$snapshot_path" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_DIR}/"
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else
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sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" rsync -avz --progress \
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-e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
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"$snapshot_path" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_DIR}/"
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fi
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log "同步完成"
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}
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cleanup_local() {
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log "清理本地快照，保留 $LOCAL_KEEP 个"
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cd "$LOCAL_DIR"
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ls -1t *.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | tail -n +$((LOCAL_KEEP + 1)) | xargs -r rm -f
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}
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cleanup_remote() {
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log "清理远程 $REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS 天前的快照"
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ssh_exec "find $REMOTE_DIR -name '*.tar.gz' -mtime +$REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS -delete" 2>/dev/null
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}
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run_backup() {
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load_config || exit 1
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local start=$(date +%s)
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log "===== 开始备份 [$VPS_NAME] ====="
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local snapshot=$(create_snapshot)
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sync_to_remote "$snapshot"
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cleanup_local
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cleanup_remote
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local dur=$(($(date +%s) - start))
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local size=$(du -h "$snapshot" | cut -f1)
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log "===== 备份完成 ====="
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send_telegram "✅ <b>备份完成</b>%0AVPS: ${VPS_NAME}%0A大小: ${size}%0A耗时: ${dur}秒"
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}
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 快照列表
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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list_local_snapshots() {
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echo -e "\n${CYAN}=== 本地快照 ===${NC}"
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if [ -d "$LOCAL_DIR" ]; then
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ls -lh "$LOCAL_DIR"/*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | awk '{print NR") "$9" ("$5")"}'
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else
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echo " (无)"
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fi
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}
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list_remote_snapshots() {
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echo -e "\n${CYAN}=== 远程快照 [$VPS_NAME] ===${NC}"
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ssh_exec "ls -lh $REMOTE_DIR/*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null" | awk '{print NR") "$9" ("$5")"}'
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}
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 恢复快照
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#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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select_restore_mode() {
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echo -e "\n${YELLOW}选择恢复模式:${NC}"
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echo "1) 覆盖模式 - 只覆盖快照中的文件（安全，保留新增文件）"
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echo "2) 完整恢复 - 删除快照中不存在的文件（危险，恢复到干净状态）"
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read -p "请选择 [1]: " mode
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echo "${mode:-1}"
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}
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do_restore() {
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local file="$1"
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local mode="$2"
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local temp_dir="/tmp/snapshot_restore_$$"
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log "解压快照到临时目录..."
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mkdir -p "$temp_dir"
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tar -xzf "$file" -C "$temp_dir" 2>/dev/null
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if [ "$mode" = "2" ]; then
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log "完整恢复模式: 使用 rsync --delete"
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echo -e "${RED}警告: 将删除系统中快照不存在的文件！${NC}"
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echo -e "${RED}排除目录: /proc /sys /dev /run /tmp /mnt /media${NC}"
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read -p "最后确认，输入 YES 继续: " final
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[ "$final" != "YES" ] && { rm -rf "$temp_dir"; return 1; }
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# 完整恢复，删除快照中不存在的文件
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rsync -aAXv --delete \
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--exclude='/proc/*' \
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--exclude='/sys/*' \
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--exclude='/dev/*' \
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--exclude='/run/*' \
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--exclude='/tmp/*' \
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--exclude='/mnt/*' \
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--exclude='/media/*' \
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--exclude='/lost+found' \
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--exclude="$LOCAL_DIR/*" \
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--exclude="$temp_dir" \
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"$temp_dir/" /
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else
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log "覆盖模式: 只覆盖已有文件"
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rsync -aAXv "$temp_dir/" /
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fi
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rm -rf "$temp_dir"
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log "恢复完成，建议重启系统"
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}
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restore_local() {
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load_config || exit 1
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list_local_snapshots
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echo ""
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read -p "选择要恢复的快照编号: " num
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local file=$(ls -1t "$LOCAL_DIR"/*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | sed -n "${num}p")
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[ -z "$file" ] && { error "无效选择"; return 1; }
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local mode=$(select_restore_mode)
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echo -e "${RED}警告: 即将恢复快照到系统！${NC}"
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read -p "确认恢复 $file? [y/N]: " confirm
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[[ ! "$confirm" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && return
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do_restore "$file" "$mode"
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}
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restore_from_remote() {
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load_config || exit 1
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list_remote_snapshots
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echo ""
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read -p "选择要恢复的快照编号: " num
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local file=$(ssh_exec "ls -1t $REMOTE_DIR/*.tar.gz" | sed -n "${num}p")
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[ -z "$file" ] && { error "无效选择"; return 1; }
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log "下载远程快照: $file"
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local local_file="$LOCAL_DIR/$(basename $file)"
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mkdir -p "$LOCAL_DIR"
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if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then
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rsync -avz -e "ssh -i $SSH_KEY_PATH -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
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"${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${file}" "$local_file"
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else
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sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" rsync -avz \
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-e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
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"${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${file}" "$local_file"
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fi
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local mode=$(select_restore_mode)
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echo -e "${RED}警告: 即将恢复快照！${NC}"
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read -p "确认恢复? [y/N]: " confirm
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[[ ! "$confirm" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && return
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do_restore "$local_file" "$mode"
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}
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restore_custom_remote() {
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load_config || exit 1
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read -p "输入远程快照完整路径: " remote_file
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[ -z "$remote_file" ] && { error "路径不能为空"; return 1; }
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local local_file="$LOCAL_DIR/$(basename $remote_file)"
|
|
mkdir -p "$LOCAL_DIR"
|
|
|
|
log "下载: $remote_file"
|
|
if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then
|
|
rsync -avz -e "ssh -i $SSH_KEY_PATH -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
|
|
"${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${remote_file}" "$local_file"
|
|
else
|
|
sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" rsync -avz \
|
|
-e "ssh -p $REMOTE_PORT" \
|
|
"${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${remote_file}" "$local_file"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
local mode=$(select_restore_mode)
|
|
|
|
echo -e "${RED}警告: 即将恢复!${NC}"
|
|
read -p "确认? [y/N]: " confirm
|
|
[[ ! "$confirm" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && return
|
|
|
|
do_restore "$local_file" "$mode"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 配置管理
|
|
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
edit_config() {
|
|
load_config || exit 1
|
|
|
|
echo -e "\n${CYAN}=== 当前配置 ===${NC}"
|
|
echo "1) VPS名称: $VPS_NAME"
|
|
echo "2) 远程IP: $REMOTE_IP"
|
|
echo "3) 远程端口: $REMOTE_PORT"
|
|
echo "4) 远程用户: $REMOTE_USER"
|
|
echo "5) 远程目录: $REMOTE_DIR"
|
|
echo "6) 本地目录: $LOCAL_DIR"
|
|
echo "7) 本地保留: $LOCAL_KEEP 个"
|
|
echo "8) 远程保留: $REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS 天"
|
|
echo "9) Telegram: $([ -n "$TG_BOT_TOKEN" ] && echo '已配置' || echo '未配置')"
|
|
echo "0) 返回"
|
|
|
|
read -p "选择要修改的项: " choice
|
|
case $choice in
|
|
1) read -p "新VPS名称: " VPS_NAME; REMOTE_DIR="${REMOTE_BASE}/${VPS_NAME}" ;;
|
|
2) read -p "新远程IP: " REMOTE_IP ;;
|
|
3) read -p "新端口: " REMOTE_PORT ;;
|
|
4) read -p "新用户: " REMOTE_USER ;;
|
|
5) read -p "新远程目录: " REMOTE_DIR ;;
|
|
6) read -p "新本地目录: " LOCAL_DIR ;;
|
|
7) read -p "本地保留数: " LOCAL_KEEP ;;
|
|
8) read -p "远程保留天数: " REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS ;;
|
|
9) read -p "Bot Token: " TG_BOT_TOKEN; read -p "Chat ID: " TG_CHAT_ID ;;
|
|
0) return ;;
|
|
esac
|
|
save_config
|
|
echo -e "${GREEN}配置已更新${NC}"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
setup_cron() {
|
|
echo -e "${YELLOW}设置定时备份${NC}"
|
|
echo "1) 每天凌晨 3 点"
|
|
echo "2) 每 3 天凌晨 3 点"
|
|
echo "3) 每周日凌晨 3 点"
|
|
echo "4) 每月 1 号"
|
|
read -p "选择 [1]: " c
|
|
|
|
case ${c:-1} in
|
|
2) expr="0 3 */3 * *" ;;
|
|
3) expr="0 3 * * 0" ;;
|
|
4) expr="0 3 1 * *" ;;
|
|
*) expr="0 3 * * *" ;;
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
local path=$(readlink -f "$0")
|
|
(crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -v "vps-snapshot"; echo "$expr $path run") | crontab -
|
|
log "定时任务: $expr"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
show_status() {
|
|
print_banner
|
|
if [ -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
|
|
source "$CONFIG_FILE"
|
|
echo -e "${GREEN}VPS: $VPS_NAME${NC}"
|
|
echo "认证: $AUTH_METHOD"
|
|
echo "远程: ${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_PORT}"
|
|
echo "远程目录: $REMOTE_DIR"
|
|
echo "本地目录: $LOCAL_DIR"
|
|
echo "保留: 本地${LOCAL_KEEP}个 / 远程${REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS}天"
|
|
echo "TG: $([ -n "$TG_BOT_TOKEN" ] && echo '✓' || echo '✗')"
|
|
list_local_snapshots
|
|
else
|
|
echo -e "${RED}未配置${NC}"
|
|
fi
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# 主菜单
|
|
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
show_menu() {
|
|
load_config 2>/dev/null
|
|
print_banner
|
|
echo -e "${CYAN}VPS: ${VPS_NAME:-未配置}${NC}\n"
|
|
echo "1) 创建快照并同步"
|
|
echo "2) 仅创建本地快照"
|
|
echo "3) 查看本地快照"
|
|
echo "4) 查看远程快照"
|
|
echo "5) 恢复本地快照"
|
|
echo "6) 从远程恢复快照"
|
|
echo "7) 自定义远程恢复"
|
|
echo "8) 修改配置"
|
|
echo "9) 设置定时任务"
|
|
echo "10) 查看状态"
|
|
echo "0) 退出"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
read -p "请选择: " choice
|
|
|
|
case $choice in
|
|
1) run_backup ;;
|
|
2) load_config && create_snapshot ;;
|
|
3) load_config && list_local_snapshots ;;
|
|
4) load_config && list_remote_snapshots ;;
|
|
5) restore_local ;;
|
|
6) restore_from_remote ;;
|
|
7) restore_custom_remote ;;
|
|
8) edit_config ;;
|
|
9) setup_cron ;;
|
|
10) show_status ;;
|
|
0) exit 0 ;;
|
|
*) echo "无效选择" ;;
|
|
esac
|
|
|
|
echo ""
|
|
read -p "按回车继续..."
|
|
show_menu
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
show_help() {
|
|
print_banner
|
|
echo "用法: $0 <命令>"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
echo "命令:"
|
|
echo " setup 交互式配置"
|
|
echo " run 创建快照并同步"
|
|
echo " menu 交互式菜单"
|
|
echo " list 查看快照"
|
|
echo " restore 恢复快照"
|
|
echo " config 修改配置"
|
|
echo " cron 设置定时"
|
|
echo " status 查看状态"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
main() {
|
|
[ "$EUID" -ne 0 ] && { error "请用 root 运行"; exit 1; }
|
|
touch "$LOG_FILE"
|
|
|
|
case "${1:-menu}" in
|
|
setup) install_dependencies; interactive_setup ;;
|
|
run) run_backup ;;
|
|
menu) show_menu ;;
|
|
list) load_config && list_local_snapshots && list_remote_snapshots ;;
|
|
restore) restore_local ;;
|
|
config) edit_config ;;
|
|
cron) setup_cron ;;
|
|
status) show_status ;;
|
|
*) show_help ;;
|
|
esac
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
main "$@"
|