#!/bin/bash #=============================================================================== # VPS 快照备份脚本 v1.1 # 支持: Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Alpine # 功能: 系统快照 + rsync 远程同步 + Telegram 通知 + 自动清理 # 认证: 支持密码和 SSH 密钥两种方式 #=============================================================================== set -e RED='\033[0;31m' GREEN='\033[0;32m' YELLOW='\033[1;33m' BLUE='\033[0;34m' NC='\033[0m' CONFIG_FILE="/etc/vps-snapshot.conf" LOG_FILE="/var/log/vps-snapshot.log" SSH_KEY_PATH="/root/.ssh/vps_snapshot_key" print_banner() { echo -e "${BLUE}" echo "╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗" echo "║ VPS 快照备份脚本 v1.1 ║" echo "║ 支持 Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/Alpine ║" echo "║ 支持密码/SSH密钥认证 ║" echo "╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝" echo -e "${NC}" } log() { echo -e "${GREEN}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1${NC}"; echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"; } error() { echo -e "${RED}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ERROR: $1${NC}"; echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] ERROR: $1" >> "$LOG_FILE"; } warn() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] WARN: $1${NC}"; } detect_os() { if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then . /etc/os-release; echo "$ID" elif [ -f /etc/redhat-release ]; then echo "centos" else echo "unknown"; fi } install_dependencies() { local os=$(detect_os) log "检测到系统: $os" log "安装依赖包..." case $os in ubuntu|debian) apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-client ;; centos|rhel|fedora) yum install -y -q rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-clients ;; alpine) apk add --no-cache rsync sshpass curl tar gzip openssh-client ;; *) error "不支持的系统: $os"; exit 1 ;; esac log "依赖安装完成" } generate_ssh_key() { log "生成 SSH 密钥对..." if [ -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" ]; then warn "密钥已存在: $SSH_KEY_PATH" read -p "是否覆盖? [y/N]: " overwrite [[ ! "$overwrite" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]] && return 0 fi ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -N "" -C "vps-snapshot-$(hostname)" chmod 600 "$SSH_KEY_PATH" log "密钥生成完成: $SSH_KEY_PATH" } copy_ssh_key_to_remote() { log "复制公钥到远程服务器 ${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}..." sshpass -p "$1" ssh-copy-id -i "${SSH_KEY_PATH}.pub" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" log "公钥复制完成" } test_ssh_connection() { log "测试 SSH 连接..." if ssh -i "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o BatchMode=yes -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "echo ok" &>/dev/null; then log "SSH 密钥连接成功 ✓" return 0 else error "SSH 密钥连接失败" return 1 fi } interactive_setup() { print_banner echo -e "${YELLOW}开始交互式配置...${NC}\n" read -p "请输入远程服务器 IP: " REMOTE_IP read -p "请输入 SSH 端口 [22]: " REMOTE_PORT REMOTE_PORT=${REMOTE_PORT:-22} read -p "请输入 SSH 用户名 [root]: " REMOTE_USER REMOTE_USER=${REMOTE_USER:-root} echo -e "\n${YELLOW}选择认证方式:${NC}" echo "1) SSH 密钥 (推荐,更安全)" echo "2) 密码" read -p "请选择 [1]: " AUTH_TYPE AUTH_TYPE=${AUTH_TYPE:-1} if [ "$AUTH_TYPE" = "1" ]; then setup_ssh_key_auth else setup_password_auth fi } setup_ssh_key_auth() { AUTH_METHOD="key" REMOTE_PASS="" echo -e "\n${YELLOW}SSH 密钥认证配置${NC}" if [ -f "$SSH_KEY_PATH" ]; then echo "检测到已有密钥: $SSH_KEY_PATH" read -p "使用现有密钥? [Y/n]: " use_existing [[ "$use_existing" =~ ^[Nn]$ ]] && generate_ssh_key else read -p "是否生成新的 SSH 密钥? [Y/n]: " gen_key [[ ! "$gen_key" =~ ^[Nn]$ ]] && generate_ssh_key fi echo -e "\n需要将公钥复制到远程服务器" read -s -p "请输入远程服务器密码 (仅用于复制公钥): " temp_pass echo copy_ssh_key_to_remote "$temp_pass" if test_ssh_connection; then echo -e "${GREEN}密钥认证配置成功!${NC}" else error "密钥认证失败"; exit 1 fi continue_setup } setup_password_auth() { AUTH_METHOD="password" read -s -p "请输入 SSH 密码: " REMOTE_PASS echo continue_setup } continue_setup() { read -p "请输入远程备份目录 [/backup/snapshots]: " REMOTE_DIR REMOTE_DIR=${REMOTE_DIR:-/backup/snapshots} read -p "请输入本地快照目录 [/var/snapshots]: " LOCAL_DIR LOCAL_DIR=${LOCAL_DIR:-/var/snapshots} read -p "本地保留快照数量 [1]: " LOCAL_KEEP LOCAL_KEEP=${LOCAL_KEEP:-1} read -p "远程保留天数 [30]: " REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS=${REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS:-30} read -p "是否启用 Telegram 通知? [y/N]: " ENABLE_TG if [[ "$ENABLE_TG" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then read -p "请输入 Telegram Bot Token: " TG_BOT_TOKEN read -p "请输入 Telegram Chat ID: " TG_CHAT_ID fi echo -e "\n${YELLOW}选择要备份的内容:${NC}" echo "1) 完整系统 (排除临时文件)" echo "2) 仅 /etc /home /root /var/www" echo "3) 自定义目录" read -p "请选择 [1]: " BACKUP_TYPE BACKUP_TYPE=${BACKUP_TYPE:-1} case $BACKUP_TYPE in 2) BACKUP_DIRS="/etc /home /root /var/www" ;; 3) read -p "请输入要备份的目录 (空格分隔): " BACKUP_DIRS ;; *) BACKUP_DIRS="/" ;; esac save_config } save_config() { log "保存配置到 $CONFIG_FILE" cat > "$CONFIG_FILE" << CONF AUTH_METHOD="$AUTH_METHOD" SSH_KEY_PATH="$SSH_KEY_PATH" REMOTE_IP="$REMOTE_IP" REMOTE_PORT="$REMOTE_PORT" REMOTE_USER="$REMOTE_USER" REMOTE_PASS="$REMOTE_PASS" REMOTE_DIR="$REMOTE_DIR" LOCAL_DIR="$LOCAL_DIR" LOCAL_KEEP="$LOCAL_KEEP" REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS="$REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS" TG_BOT_TOKEN="$TG_BOT_TOKEN" TG_CHAT_ID="$TG_CHAT_ID" BACKUP_DIRS="$BACKUP_DIRS" CONF chmod 600 "$CONFIG_FILE" log "配置已保存" } load_config() { [ -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ] && source "$CONFIG_FILE" || { error "配置文件不存在,请先运行: $0 setup"; return 1; } } ssh_exec() { if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then ssh -i "$SSH_KEY_PATH" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "$1" else sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p "$REMOTE_PORT" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}" "$1" fi } send_telegram() { [ -n "$TG_BOT_TOKEN" ] && [ -n "$TG_CHAT_ID" ] && \ curl -s -X POST "https://api.telegram.org/bot${TG_BOT_TOKEN}/sendMessage" \ -d chat_id="$TG_CHAT_ID" -d text="$1" -d parse_mode="HTML" >/dev/null 2>&1 } create_snapshot() { local hostname=$(hostname) local timestamp=$(date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S') local snapshot_name="${hostname}_${timestamp}.tar.gz" local snapshot_path="${LOCAL_DIR}/${snapshot_name}" mkdir -p "$LOCAL_DIR" log "开始创建快照: $snapshot_name" send_telegram "🔄 开始备份%0A主机: ${hostname}" local excludes="--exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys --exclude=/dev" excludes+=" --exclude=/run --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/mnt" excludes+=" --exclude=/media --exclude=/lost+found" excludes+=" --exclude=${LOCAL_DIR} --exclude=/var/cache" if [ "$BACKUP_DIRS" = "/" ]; then tar $excludes -czf "$snapshot_path" / 2>/dev/null || true else tar -czf "$snapshot_path" $BACKUP_DIRS 2>/dev/null || true fi log "快照创建完成: $snapshot_path ($(du -h "$snapshot_path" | cut -f1))" echo "$snapshot_path" } sync_to_remote() { local snapshot_path="$1" log "创建远程目录: $REMOTE_DIR" ssh_exec "mkdir -p $REMOTE_DIR" log "开始同步到远程..." if [ "$AUTH_METHOD" = "key" ]; then rsync -avz -e "ssh -i $SSH_KEY_PATH -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $REMOTE_PORT" \ "$snapshot_path" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_DIR}/" else sshpass -p "$REMOTE_PASS" rsync -avz \ -e "ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $REMOTE_PORT" \ "$snapshot_path" "${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_DIR}/" fi log "远程同步完成" } cleanup_local() { log "清理本地快照,保留最新 $LOCAL_KEEP 个" cd "$LOCAL_DIR" ls -1t *.tar.gz 2>/dev/null | tail -n +$((LOCAL_KEEP + 1)) | xargs -r rm -f } cleanup_remote() { log "清理远程超过 $REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS 天的快照" ssh_exec "find $REMOTE_DIR -name '*.tar.gz' -mtime +$REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS -delete" 2>/dev/null log "远程清理完成" } run_backup() { load_config || exit 1 local start_time=$(date +%s) local hostname=$(hostname) log "========== 开始备份任务 ==========" local snapshot_path=$(create_snapshot) sync_to_remote "$snapshot_path" cleanup_local cleanup_remote local duration=$(($(date +%s) - start_time)) local size=$(du -h "$snapshot_path" | cut -f1) log "========== 备份完成 ==========" send_telegram "✅ 备份完成%0A主机: ${hostname}%0A大小: ${size}%0A耗时: ${duration}秒" } setup_cron() { echo -e "${YELLOW}设置定时备份任务${NC}" echo "1) 每天凌晨 3 点" echo "2) 每周日凌晨 3 点" echo "3) 每月 1 号凌晨 3 点" read -p "请选择 [1]: " choice case ${choice:-1} in 2) cron_expr="0 3 * * 0" ;; 3) cron_expr="0 3 1 * *" ;; *) cron_expr="0 3 * * *" ;; esac local script_path=$(readlink -f "$0") (crontab -l 2>/dev/null | grep -v "vps-snapshot"; echo "$cron_expr $script_path run") | crontab - log "定时任务已设置: $cron_expr" } show_status() { print_banner if [ -f "$CONFIG_FILE" ]; then source "$CONFIG_FILE" echo -e "${GREEN}配置状态:${NC}" echo " 认证方式: ${AUTH_METHOD}" echo " 远程服务器: ${REMOTE_USER}@${REMOTE_IP}:${REMOTE_PORT}" echo " 远程目录: ${REMOTE_DIR}" echo " 本地目录: ${LOCAL_DIR}" echo " 本地保留: ${LOCAL_KEEP} 个" echo " 远程保留: ${REMOTE_KEEP_DAYS} 天" echo " Telegram: $([ -n "$TG_BOT_TOKEN" ] && echo '已配置' || echo '未配置')" echo -e "\n${GREEN}本地快照:${NC}" ls -lh "$LOCAL_DIR"/*.tar.gz 2>/dev/null || echo " (无)" else echo -e "${RED}未配置,请运行: $0 setup${NC}" fi } show_help() { print_banner echo "用法: $0 <命令>" echo "" echo "命令:" echo " setup 交互式配置" echo " run 执行备份" echo " install 安装依赖" echo " cron 设置定时任务" echo " status 查看配置状态" echo " help 显示帮助" } main() { [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ] && { error "请使用 root 权限运行"; exit 1; } touch "$LOG_FILE" case "${1:-help}" in setup) install_dependencies; interactive_setup echo -e "\n${GREEN}配置完成!${NC}" echo "运行 '$0 run' 执行备份" echo "运行 '$0 cron' 设置定时任务" ;; run) run_backup ;; install) install_dependencies ;; cron) setup_cron ;; status) show_status ;; *) show_help ;; esac } main "$@"